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Title:
Kepler-21b: A 1.6 R Earth Planet Transiting the Bright Oscillating F Subgiant Star HD 179070
Authors:
Howell, Steve B.; Rowe, Jason F.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Quinn, Samuel N.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Isaacson, Howard; Ciardi, David R.; Chaplin, William J.; Metcalfe, Travis S.; Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G.; Appourchaux, Thierry; Basu, Sarbani; Creevey, Orlagh L.; Gilliland, Ronald L.; Quirion, Pierre-Olivier; Stello, Denis; Kjeldsen, Hans; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jörgen; Elsworth, Yvonne; García, Rafael A.; Houdek, Günter; Karoff, Christoffer; Molenda-Zakowicz, Joanna; Thompson, Michael J.; Verner, Graham A.; Torres, Guillermo; Fressin, Francois; Crepp, Justin R.; Adams, Elisabeth; Dupree, Andrea; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; Dressing, Courtney D.; Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Lissauer, Jack J.; Latham, David W.; Buchhave, Lars A.; Gautier, Thomas N., III; Everett, Mark; Horch, Elliott; Batalha, Natalie M.; Dunham, Edward W.; Szkody, Paula; Silva, David R.; Mighell, Ken; Holberg, Jay; Ballot, Jerôme; Bedding, Timothy R.; Bruntt, Hans; Campante, Tiago L.; Handberg, Rasmus; Hekker, Saskia; Huber, Daniel; Mathur, Savita; Mosser, Benoit; Régulo, Clara; White, Timothy R.; Christiansen, Jessie L.; Middour, Christopher K.; Haas, Michael R.; Hall, Jennifer R.; Jenkins, Jon M.; McCaulif, Sean; Fanelli, Michael N.; Kulesa, Craig; McCarthy, Don; Henze, Christopher E.
Affiliation:
AA(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), AB(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), AC(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), AD(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), AE(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ), AF(Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA ), AG(NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ), AH(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ), AI(High Altitude Observatory and Scientific Computing Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA ), AJ(Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal ), AK(Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI-CNRS (UMR8617), Batiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France ), AL(Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA ), AM(Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ), AN(Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA ), AO(Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Boulevard de l'Aéroport, Saint-Hubert, QC, J3Y 8Y9, Canada ), AP(Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ), AQ(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ), AR(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ), AS(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ), AT(Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot-IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France ), AU(Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria ), AV(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ), AW(Astronomical Institute, University of Wroclaw, 51-622 Wroclaw, Poland ), AX(High Altitude Observatory and Scientific Computing Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA ), AY(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ; Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 4NS, UK ), AZ(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BA(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BB(California Institute of Technology, Department of Astrophysics, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA ), BC(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BD(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BE(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BF(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BG(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), BH(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), BI(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), BJ(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA ), BK(Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark ; Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark ), BL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA ), BM(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ), BN(Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA ), BO(Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA ), BP(Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA ), BQ(Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 94065, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), BR(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), BS(National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), BT(Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA ; Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.), BU(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France ), BV(Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ), BW(Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ), BX(Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ), BY(Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark ), BZ(School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK ), CA(Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ), CB(High Altitude Observatory and Scientific Computing Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA ), CC(LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon cedex, France ), CD(Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain ), CE(Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia ), CF(SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA ), CG(Orbital Sciences Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), CH(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), CI(Orbital Sciences Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), CJ(SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA ), CK(Orbital Sciences Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), CL(Bay Area Environmental Research Inst., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA ), CM(Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA ), CN(Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA ), CO(NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA )
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 746, Issue 2, article id. 123, 18 pp. (2012). (ApJ Homepage)
Publication Date:
02/2012
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
planetary systems, stars: activity, stars: individual: HD 179070: KIC 3632418, stars: interiors, stars: late-type, stars: magnetic field, stars: oscillations: including pulsations, techniques: photometric
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/123
Bibliographic Code:
2012ApJ...746..123H

Abstract

We present Kepler observations of the bright (V = 8.3), oscillating star HD 179070. The observations show transit-like events which reveal that the star is orbited every 2.8 days by a small, 1.6 R Earth object. Seismic studies of HD 179070 using short cadence Kepler observations show that HD 179070 has a frequency-power spectrum consistent with solar-like oscillations that are acoustic p-modes. Asteroseismic analysis provides robust values for the mass and radius of HD 179070, 1.34 ± 0.06 M &sun; and 1.86 ± 0.04 R &sun;, respectively, as well as yielding an age of 2.84 ± 0.34 Gyr for this F5 subgiant. Together with ground-based follow-up observations, analysis of the Kepler light curves and image data, and blend scenario models, we conservatively show at the >99.7% confidence level (3sigma) that the transit event is caused by a 1.64 ± 0.04 R Earth exoplanet in a 2.785755 ± 0.000032 day orbit. The exoplanet is only 0.04 AU away from the star and our spectroscopic observations provide an upper limit to its mass of ~10 M Earth (2sigma). HD 179070 is the brightest exoplanet host star yet discovered by Kepler.

Based in part on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated by the University of California and the California Institute of Technology, the Mayall telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, and the WIYN Observatory which is a joint facility of NOAO, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Indiana University, and Yale University.


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