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Title:
Molecular gas in submillimetre-faint, star-forming ultraluminous galaxies at z > 1
Authors:
Casey, C. M.; Chapman, S. C.; Neri, R.; Bertoldi, F.; Smail, I.; Coppin, K.; Greve, T. R.; Bothwell, M. S.; Beswick, R. J.; Blain, A. W.; Cox, P.; Genzel, R.; Muxlow, T. W. B.; Omont, A.; Swinbank, A. M.
Affiliation:
AA(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA; Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA), AB(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AC(Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique (IRAM), St. Martin d'Heres, France), AD(Argenlander Institute for Astronomy, University of Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), AE(Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE), AF(Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE; McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada), AG(Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark), AH(Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA), AI(Jodrell Bank Observatory, University of Manchester, Macclesfield SK11 9DL), AJ(Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH), AK(Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique (IRAM), St. Martin d'Heres, France), AL(MPE, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85741 Garching, Germany), AM(Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark), AN(Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 98 Bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), AO(Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE)
Publication:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 415, Issue 3, pp. 2723-2743. (MNRAS Homepage)
Publication Date:
08/2011
Origin:
WILEY
Astronomy Keywords:
galaxies: evolution, galaxies: high-redshift, galaxies: starburst
Abstract Copyright:
© 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society © 2011 RAS
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18885.x
Bibliographic Code:
2011MNRAS.415.2723C

Abstract

We present interferometric CO observations of 12 z˜ 2 submillimetre-faint, star-forming radio galaxies (SFRGs) which are thought to be ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) possibly dominated by warmer dust (Tdust ≳ 40 K) than submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) of similar luminosities. Four other CO-observed SFRGs are included from the literature, and all the observations are taken at the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI) in the compact configuration. 10 of the 16 SFRGs observed in CO (63 per cent) are detected at >4sigma with a mean inferred molecular gas mass of ˜2 × 1010 M&sun;. SFRGs trend slightly above the local ULIRG LFIR-L'CO relation. Since SFRGs are about two times fainter in radio luminosity but exhibit similar CO luminosities to SMGs, this suggests SFRGs are slightly more efficient star formers than SMGs at the same redshifts. SFRGs also have a narrow mean CO linewidth, 320 ± 80 km s-1. Many SMGs have similarly narrow CO linewidths, but very broad features (˜900 km s-1) are present in a few SMGs and are absent from SFRGs. SFRGs bridge the gap between properties of very luminous >5 × 1012 L&sun; SMGs and those of local ULIRGs, and are consistent with intermediate-stage major mergers. We suspect that more moderate luminosity SMGs, not yet surveyed in CO, would show similar molecular gas properties to SFRGs. The active galactic nucleus (AGN) fraction of SFRGs is consistent with SMGs and is estimated to be 0.3 ± 0.1, suggesting that SFRGs are observed near the peak phase of star formation activity and not in a later, post-SMG enhanced AGN phase. The excitation analysis of one SFRG is consistent with the CO excitation observed in SMGs [turning over beyond 12CO(J= 4-->3)]. This CO survey of SFRGs serves as a pilot project for the much more extensive survey of Herschel and SCUBA-2 selected sources which only partially overlap with SMGs. Better constraints on the CO properties of a diverse high-z ULIRG population are needed from ALMA to determine the evolutionary origin of extreme starbursts, and what role ULIRGs serve in catalyzing the formation of massive stellar systems in the early Universe.
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