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Title:
Kinematics at the Edge of the Galactic Bulge: Evidence for Cylindrical Rotation
Authors:
Howard, Christian D.; Rich, R. Michael; Clarkson, Will; Mallery, Ryan; Kormendy, John; De Propris, Roberto; Robin, Annie C.; Fux, Roger; Reitzel, David B.; Zhao, Hong Sheng; Kuijken, Konrad; Koch, Andreas
Affiliation:
AA(Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA; Visiting Astronomers, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). CTIO is operated by AURA, Inc. under contract to the National Science Foundation.), AB(Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA), AC(Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA), AD(Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA; Visiting Astronomers, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). CTIO is operated by AURA, Inc. under contract to the National Science Foundation.), AE(Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA), AF(Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile), AG(Observatoire de Besançon, Institut Utinam, CNRS-UMR 6213, Université de Franche-Comté, BP1615, 25010 Besançon, France), AH(Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, 1290 Sauverny, Switzerland), AI(Griffith Observatory, 2800 East Observatory Road, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA), AJ(SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK), AK(Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300RA Leiden, The Netherlands), AL(Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK)
Publication:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Volume 702, Issue 2, pp. L153-L157 (2009). (ApJL Homepage)
Publication Date:
09/2009
Origin:
IOP
Astronomy Keywords:
Galaxy: bulge, Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics, stars: kinematics, stars: late-type, techniques: radial velocities
DOI:
10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/L153
Bibliographic Code:
2009ApJ...702L.153H

Abstract

We present new results from BRAVA, a large-scale radial velocity survey of the Galactic bulge, using M giant stars selected from the Two Micron All Sky Survey catalog as targets for the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 4 m Hydra multi-object spectrograph. The purpose of this survey is to construct a new generation of self-consistent bar models that conform to these observations. We report the dynamics for fields at the edge of the Galactic bulge at latitudes b = -8° and compare to the dynamics at b = -4°. We find that the rotation curve V(r) is the same at b = -8° as at b = -4°. That is, the Galactic boxy bulge rotates cylindrically, as do boxy bulges of other galaxies. The summed line-of-sight velocity distribution at b = -8° is Gaussian, and the binned longitude-velocity plot shows no evidence for either a (disk) population with cold dynamics or for a (classical bulge) population with hot dynamics. The observed kinematics are well modeled by an edge-on N-body bar, in agreement with published structural evidence. Our kinematic observations indicate that the Galactic bulge is a prototypical product of secular evolution in galaxy disks, in contrast with stellar population results that are most easily understood if major mergers were the dominant formation process.
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