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Title:
Water line emission in low-mass protostars
Authors:
Ceccarelli, C.; Caux, E.; Loinard, L.; Castets, A.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.; Molinari, S.; Liseau, R.; Saraceno, P.; Smith, H.; White, G.
Affiliation:
AA(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble, B.P. 53X, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex, France), AB(CESR-CNES, 9 Avenue de Colonel Roche, F-31029 Toulouse, France), AC(Institut de Radio Astronomie Millimetrique, 300 rue de la piscine, F-38406 St. Martin d'Hères, France), AD(Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de l'Observatoire de Grenoble, B.P. 53X, F-38041 Grenoble Cedex, France), AE(SRON, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands), AF(IPAC, California Institute of Technology, MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), AG(Stockholm Observatory, S-133 36 Saltsjobaden, Sweden), AH(IFSI - CNR, Via del fosso del cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy), AI(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA), AJ(Queen Mary and Westfield College, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK)
Publication:
Astronomy and Astrophysics, v.342, p.L21-L24 (1999) (A&A Homepage)
Publication Date:
02/1999
Origin:
A&A
Astronomy Keywords:
STARS: FORMATION, ISM: JETS AND OUTFLOWS, ISM: INDIVIDUAL OBJECTS:, INFRARED: ISM: LINES AND BANDS, RADIATIVE TRANSFER, ISM: MOLECULES
Bibliographic Code:
1999A&A...342L..21C

Abstract

Using the Long Wavelength Specrometer aboard ISO, we have detected far infrared rotational H_2O emission lines in five low-mass young stellar objects in a survey of seven such sources. The total H_2O fluxes are well correlated with the 1.3 mm continuum fluxes, but - surprisingly - not with the SiO millimeter emission originating in the outflows, suggesting that the water emission arises in the circumstellar envelopes rather than in the outflows. In two of the sources, NGC1333-IRAS4 and IRAS16293-2422, we measured about ten H_2O lines, and used their fluxes to put stringent constraints on the physical conditions (temperature, density and column density) of the emitting gas. Simple LVG modelling implies that the emission originates in a very small ( ~ 200 AU), dense (>= 10(7) cm(-3) ) and warm ( ~ 100 K) region, with a column density larger than about 10(16) cm(-2) . The detected H_2O emission may be well accounted for by thermal emission from a collapsing envelope, and we derive constraints on the acccretion rate and central mass of NGC1333-IRAS4. We also discuss an alternative scenario in which the H_2O emission arises in an extremely dense shock very close to the central object, perhaps caused by the interaction of the outflow with the innner regions of the circumstellar envelope. Based on observations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom) with the participation of ISAS and NASA.

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